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AGRONOMIC PRACTICES FOR WATER LOGGED AREAS In Bihar, Eastern and Central Uttar Pradesh, sugarcane crop on considerably large area is grown under waterlogged conditions occurring due to heavy monsoon rains and lack of proper drainage. These conditions vary considerably from area to area; in certain areas water stagnating for about three months continuously from July to October, in some areas for a month or so while in other areas water recedes after ten days or so. Depending upon the intensity, these waterlogged conditions adversely affect both cane yield and sugar recovery. In order to obtain satisfactory cane yield and sugar recovery in such areas, the selection of a suitable variety, which can make rapid growth and withstand such conditions is absolutely essential. For badly water logged areas, B.O. 91, a mid-late variety still continues to be the best variety and gives reasonably good sugar recovery in the later part of the crushing season from January onwards. The other varieties, which can withstand such conditions, are Co.Se 95422 and Co.S. 88230. Ridge planting of sugarcane on top of 45 cm ridges can prove useful in such areas. In these areas, crop should be planted as early as possible so that it can make reasonably good growth by the time water logging takes place. All agronomic practices of effective weed control, fertilizer application, irrigation and foliar application of urea and Endosulfan should be completed by the middle of June positively, both in the plant and ratoon crop as it is not possible to do any farm operation in the water logged fields. Foliar application of urea can however, be done in such fields to meet the nitrogen requirements of the crop. Autumn planting of sugarcane, if possible, in these areas can help in obtaining better cane yield and sugar recovery. FOR LATE PLANTING In western Uttar Pradesh state of north India about 70 percent of cane planting is done after wheat harvesting in April-May which results in very low yield of plant crop. For obtaining better yield from such a late planted crop, the following agronomic practices should be followed: · Selection of a suitable variety: Out of the newly developed varieties, Co.S 88230 has proved to be the best variety for late planting. · Use of 25% higher seed rate than the recommended one. · Seed treatment with Emisan– an organo-mercurial fungicide to hasten and improve germination. · Soil application of Lindane/Chloropyriphos/Confidor/Regent insecticides at the time of planting to control termites and shoot borer. · Application of recommended N,P,K fertilizers at planting time below the seed cuttings. · To avoid late planting after wheat crop, autumn planting with wheat intercrop should be adopted with 90 cm inter-row spacing between the cane rows. Recent experiments conducted at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow have shown that winter planting of sugarcane in November-December and sowing of wheat together gives good cane yield besides normal yield of wheat crop. In this technology, the cane germinates in February-March in the standing wheat crop and gets a good start after wheat harvesting to give normal yield as compared to very low yield from cane planted after wheat harvesting. The yield of the first ratoon crop from late planted crop after wheat harvesting is however very good due to development of water shoots which are more vigorous and contribute to higher yield. |
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